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New hope for asteroid mining -- maybe with Victorian steampunk tech!

Interest and investment in asteroid mining is reviving, for both the "return to Earth" and the "use in space" cases. A history of earlier mining ventures and reasons for their failure are reviewed, especially Planetary Resources and Deep Space Industries (DSI). The environment for asteroid mining is changing, with increased space activities, reduced launch costs, and more solid legal status. The main problems are economics and business models, with long payback times, along with mining technology and limited prospecting. Recent missions, including sample return, are increasing our knowledge of asteroids. One change is the realization that many asteroids are "rubble piles", so mining will differ from previous expectations of heavy machinery and drills. Plans and technology for new companies TransAstra and AstroForge are reviewed, showing radical differences in approach. TransAstra uses an automated "steampunk" approach both for propulsion and mining, gathering water from near earth asteroids to sell in space. It is funding itself with research grants and technology sales until mining revenue starts. AstroForge is bringing platinum group metals all the way back to Earth, and not planning on selling technology to others. The extraction technology is modern, ionizing atoms and sorting them. Both companies potentially have launches this year to demonstrate technology.