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The Life of Cyrus the Great | Full Biography | Persian History ASMR

Join this channel to get access to perks:    / @asmr_historian   Check out my Patreon for Ad Free Viewing:   / asmrhistorian   Merch: https://histmerch.shop/ Cyrus was born around 600 BC, either in Anshan, near modern-day Shiraz, or possibly in Media. He was the son of Cambyses I, a vassal king of Anshan under the Median Empire, and Mandane, daughter of Astyages, the king of Media. According to ancient accounts, notably by Herodotus, Astyages had a dream that his grandson Cyrus would overthrow him, prompting him to attempt to have Cyrus killed as a child. However, Cyrus survived and grew up to become a charismatic and capable leader. Rebellion Against Media: In 559 BC, Cyrus inherited the throne of Anshan and soon began a campaign to consolidate power. He successfully led a revolt against his grandfather, Astyages, overthrowing the Median Empire around 550 BC. This victory united the Medes and Persians under a single rule, marking the foundation of the Achaemenid Empire. The Expansion of the Empire Cyrus expanded his rule through a series of brilliant military campaigns that were notable for their strategic acumen and humane treatment of conquered peoples. Conquest of Lydia: In 546 BC, Cyrus conquered Lydia, a wealthy kingdom in what is now western Turkey, ruled by the legendary King Croesus. According to historical accounts, Cyrus showed clemency to Croesus and incorporated Lydia into his growing empire, using its wealth to finance further expansion. Conquest of Babylon: Perhaps Cyrus's most celebrated conquest was that of Babylon in 539 BC. Unlike other conquerors of his time, Cyrus took Babylon without widespread destruction, thanks to a strategic alliance with disaffected elements within the city. He was welcomed as a liberator, and his entrance into Babylon is one of the most significant moments of his reign. The Cylinder of Cyrus and Policies of Tolerance One of the key aspects of Cyrus's legacy was his enlightened approach to governance, particularly regarding religious and cultural tolerance. Cyrus Cylinder: The Cyrus Cylinder, often considered one of the world’s first declarations of human rights, was created after his conquest of Babylon. In this document, Cyrus outlines his policy of allowing subject peoples to live according to their own customs and religions. This included the Jews, who had been exiled to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar. Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to their homeland and rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, an act for which he is praised in the Bible and remembered as a righteous leader. Administration of the Empire: Cyrus adopted a decentralized model of governance, allowing local leaders to maintain authority over their regions as long as they pledged loyalty to him and paid tribute. This policy of administrative flexibility and respect for local customs contributed to the stability and cohesion of the vast Achaemenid Empire. Death and Legacy Cyrus died in 530 BC during a military campaign against the Massagetae, a nomadic tribe in Central Asia. According to Herodotus, he was killed in battle, and his body was taken to Pasargadae, the capital city he had established, where his tomb still stands today. The Tomb of Cyrus: Cyrus's tomb is a simple yet majestic structure in Pasargadae, an enduring symbol of his reign. Inscribed on the tomb are words said to express his humility: “O man, whoever you are and wherever you come from, for I know you will come, I am Cyrus, who founded the empire of the Persians. Do not begrudge me this piece of earth that covers my body.” Legacy in Governance: Cyrus's successors, particularly Darius I and Xerxes, built upon his foundations, expanding the Achaemenid Empire to its peak. His approach to governance and his commitment to human rights left a lasting mark on history. The Achaemenid administrative system, including the use of satraps (provincial governors), became a model for later empires, including the Romans. Information sourced from Wiki, Gutenburg, JSTOR, primary and secondary sources. All information is congruent with archaeological and history evidence at the time of recording.