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Human (and More-than-Human) Rights: Universal Truth or Legal Fiction?

Human (and More-than-Human) Rights: Universal Truth or Legal Fiction? What exactly are we talking about when we debate “freedom of speech,” “human rights,” or “government over-reach”? In this deep dive we track the debate from natural-rights thinkers like Locke through legal positivists like Bentham, stop off at Berlin’s famous split between negative and positive liberty, and test Mill’s harm principle against 21st-century dilemmas such as online disinformation and hate speech. Along the way we tackle: Are human rights truly inalienable—or just “nonsense upon stilts”? Can non-human animals, rivers, or whole ecosystems possess rights? Why the freedom from interference is only half the story without the freedom to act. How duties and responsibilities keep the rights game honest. Whether you lean libertarian, communitarian, or somewhere in between, these arguments shape every headline about censorship, privacy, healthcare, and social justice. Get the philosophical toolkit you need to join the conversation intelligently. 👉 Like, subscribe, and hit the bell to catch future deep dives on political philosophy! #Liberty #HumanRights #PoliticalPhilosophy #Mill #Berlin #FreeSpeech 0:00 – Welcome & Road-map – Why liberty and rights still matter 1:40 – Human Rights 101 – Inalienable & universal? Locke vs Bentham 3:55 – Beyond Humans – Singer, Regan & deep ecology on animal/eco-rights 6:20 – Legal ≠ Moral – How moral claims push (and critique) the law 9:05 – Negative vs Positive Rights – Civil liberties, welfare, and the big divide 10:55 – Rights → Duties – UNESCO declaration & Kantian reciprocity 12:55 – When Rights Collide – Privacy vs free speech, protest vs order 14:55 – Berlin’s Two Liberties – Freedom from vs freedom to 18:25 – Finding Balance – Libertarians, Rawls, Communitarians, Capabilities 20:45 – Mill’s Harm Principle – The “hands-off” zone of self-regarding acts 22:05 – Free Speech & Info – Why Mill ties truth-seeking to expression 24:55 – Legit Limits – Incitement, defamation, hate-speech debates 27:55 – Marketplace of Ideas? – Popper’s paradox & the digital twist 30:35 – Big Synthesis – Rights, duties, and the evolving quest for justice 31:45 – Closing Challenge – How to defend liberty and respect others’ rights