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alanine transaminase

(ALT, alanine aminotransferase, ALAT) A transaminase enzyme found primarily in the liver as well as plasma and in various body tissues. It catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-alanine to α-ketoglutarate, the products of this reversible transamination reaction being pyruvate and L-glutamate, as a part of amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. As all aminotransferases do, it requires the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate, which is converted into pyridoxamine in the first phase of the reaction, when an amino acid is converted into a keto acid. Damaged hepatocytes leak it into the extracellular space and ultimately plasma. ALT levels in the blood can increase when liver cells are damaged. In general, it is not tested alone but usually along with other liver enzymes and others, for example, in liver function tests (liver panel) and comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP). (Biomarkers for liver health relating to ALT) • serum ALT level: (males) 29-33 IU/L, (females) 19-25 IU/L. • serum AST (aspartate transaminase) level: (males) 10-40 IU/L, (females) 9-32 IU/L. • AST/ALT ratio: (normal range) Less than 1, (alcoholic liver disease) More than 1, even more than 2. Cf. basic metabolic panel (BMP)