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The Fall of The Bastille

Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, had profound and immediate consequences for the French monarchy. Here are the key immediate impacts: Weakening of Royal Authority The storming of the Bastille significantly weakened King Louis XVI's authority. The event demonstrated that the king could no longer rely on his military to suppress uprisings, as the royal troops failed to defend the Bastille and the governor, Bernard-René de Launay, was captured and killed by the mobץ Political Shifts *Recall of Jacques Necker:* In response to the public outcry and the storming of the Bastille, King Louis XVI was forced to recall Jacques Necker, the popular finance minister whose dismissal had partly triggered the unrest. *Formation of the National Guard:* The Marquis de Lafayette was appointed to lead the newly formed National Guard, a citizens' militia intended to maintain order and protect the revolution. This move further eroded the king's control over Paris. Rise of Popular Sovereignty The storming of the Bastille emboldened the revolutionaries and the broader populace. It marked a shift towards popular sovereignty, where the people began to establish parallel structures of governance, such as municipalities and militias, independent of royal authority. Emigration of Nobility Fearing for their safety, many members of the nobility began to flee France. Among the first to leave were the comte d'Artois (the future Charles X of France) and other prominent aristocrats. This exodus of the nobility, known as the émigrés, further destabilized the monarchy and contributed to the revolutionary fervor. Symbolic Victory The fall of the Bastille became a powerful symbol of the revolution and the people's ability to challenge and overthrow oppressive regimes. It was seen as the end of the ancient régime and a declaration of the people's might in service to human rights. Spread of Revolutionary Sentiment The news of the Bastille's fall spread rapidly throughout France, inspiring similar uprisings and acts of defiance against feudal lords and royal officials. This widespread revolutionary sentiment further undermined the monarchy's power and control. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, played a crucial role in the rise and consolidation of the National Assembly during the early stages of the French Revolution. Here’s how this pivotal event contributed to the Assembly's prominence and authority: Symbolic Victory and Public Support The storming of the Bastille became a powerful symbol of the people's revolt against tyranny and the ancien régime. The successful assault on this fortress-prison, which represented royal oppression, galvanized public support for the revolutionary cause and the National Assembly. The event demonstrated that the common people could challenge and overcome the king's authority, thereby legitimizing the Assembly's actions and goals in the eyes of the populace. Weakening of Royal Authority The fall of the Bastille significantly weakened King Louis XVI's authority. The king's inability to defend such a symbolic stronghold revealed the monarchy's vulnerability and diminished its power. This shift in power dynamics allowed the National Assembly to assert itself more confidently as the representative body of the people and the de facto government of France. Political Shifts and Military Withdrawal In the immediate aftermath of the Bastille's fall, King Louis XVI was forced to make several concessions. He announced the withdrawal of royal troops from Paris, which had been a major source of tension and fear among the revolutionaries. This withdrawal reduced the immediate threat of military suppression and allowed the National Assembly to operate more freely and assertively. Consolidation of Power Following the storming of the Bastille, the National Assembly reconstituted itself as the National Constituent Assembly on July 9, 1789, and began drafting a new constitution for France. The event provided the momentum needed for the Assembly to abolish feudal privileges and publish the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August 1789. These actions were foundational in transforming France from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and later to a republic. In summary, the storming of the Bastille was a catalyst that significantly contributed to the rise of the National Assembly. It provided a symbolic victory that galvanized public support, weakened royal authority, led to strategic political shifts, and encouraged revolutionary sentiment across the nation. These factors collectively empowered the National Assembly to take bold steps towards restructuring French society and governance.