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Matrix Mechanics: The Genesis

Buy me a coffee and support the channel: https://ko-fi.com/jkzero Before Heisenberg’s bold leap into matrix mechanics, a quiet revolution was already underway. In this video, I present the overlooked insights that laid the foundation for quantum theory — from Einstein’s radiation work and the A and B coefficients to the surprising concept of stimulated emission, which lead to the maser and the laser. This is the forgotten genesis of the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics. This video was republished due to a undesirable typo in the previous version, thanks to ‪@suryamgangwal8315‬ for pointing out the typo. [Related videos] ∘ This math trick revolutionized physics    • This math trick revolutionized physics   ∘ The Birth of Quantum Physics    • The Birth of Quantum Physics   ∘ This effect confirmed light particles    • This effect confirmed light particles   ∘ How Niels Bohr created the quantum atom    • How Niels Bohr created the quantum atom   ∘ Sommerfeld and the fine structure of the atom    • Sommerfeld and the fine structure of ...   ∘ This is how the wave-particle duality of light was discovered    • This is how the wave-particle duality...   ∘ Playlist video series on Quantum Physics    • Quantum Mechanics   [References] ∘ A. Einstein, "Emission and Absorption of Radiation in Quantum Theory," Verhandlungen der DPG, 18, 318 (1916) ∘ A. Einstein, "On the Quantum Theory of Radiation," Phys. Z. 18, 121 (1917) ∘ W. Heisenberg , "Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen," Z. Phys. 33, 879(1925) ∘ A. Einstein, "Approximative Integration of the Field Equations of Gravitation," Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1916 (part 1), 688 ∘ P.A.M. Dirac, "The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation," Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A114, 243 (1927) ∘ Einstein's letter to M. Besso (Aug. 1916) https://einsteinpapers.press.princeto... ∘ Einstein's letter to J.J. Laub (Nov. 1910) https://einsteinpapers.press.princeto... ∘ Einstein's letter to M. Besso (Sep. 1916) https://einsteinpapers.press.princeto... ∘ Einstein's letter to M. Besso (Jul. 1918) https://einsteinpapers.press.princeto... [Credits] Movement of microparticles by beams of laser, by technomi, free use on pickupimage A. Einstein in 1916, by P. Ehrenfest , public domain General relativity, by M. de Hacker under CC BY 3.0 M. Planck, public domain A.H. Compton, public domain Laser Facility, by Science and Technology Facilities Council under CC BY-SA 2.0 Visible lasers, by Greg Vojtko/U.S. Navy, public domain Apparatus Used in Measuring Radiant Energy, AIP Lenard tube, public domain Spectral lines, by Sassospicco/Jhausauer, public domain Population inversion 3level, by B. Mellish under CC BY-SA 3.0 Charles Townes and first maser, by D. Rubin, public domain Nicolay G. Basov, public domain Aleksandr Prokhorov, public domain Charles Townes in 1964, public domain Interview Charles Townes, South Carolina ETV World's first laser, by T. and K. Maiman under CC BY-SA 4.0 Theodore Maiman, public domain Laser light show, by Z. Zhang, free use on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/vibrant-... Laser cutting machine, by Z. Urbonas, free use on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/laser-cu... Titan: Laser Manufacturing Lab-Additive Manufacturing, by Tekniker TV    • Titan: Laser Manufacturing Lab-Additi...   Laser Communications, by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center / Dave Ryan, public domain Laser surgery, by CMRF Crumlin under CC BY 2.0 Couple Paying at the Counter in the Grocery, by J. Sparrow, free use on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/couple-p... Cats playing with laser light, by N. Ali, free use on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/two-cats... Markov Processes, by thekirbster under CC BY 2.0 Transition Matrix, by thekirbster under CC BY 2.0 Dispersive Prism, by Spigget/Cepheiden under CC BY-SA 3.0 Rudolf Ladenburg, by G.F. Hund under CC BY 3.0 John C. Slater, public domain Laser pointer with a cat, by Cottonbro Studio, free use on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/playing-... AIP: American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives CC BY 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... CC BY-SA 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... CC BY 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...