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The Evolution of Work and the Future

The nature of work changed for the past 5000 years. In early times, humans were hunter gatherers. When someone figured out how to grow the plants that they gathered, agriculture was born. With it, civilization was born from it. These early farmers using mono culture produced a surplus of food, and this enabled people to become artisans, craftsman, scribes, bureaucrats, priests, soldiers, physicians, early pharmacists, city planners, black smiths, scholars, ship builders, engineers, architects, merchants, tavern keepers, chefs, etc. In ancient times, people were needed to be farmers and soldiers. People pre-industrial societies paid taxes in the form of crops, or with military service. Slavery was also very much a part of ancient societies, because technological development was low. Just about everything was done with human muscles from growing crops to mining. In addition, the monetary system was primitive, because money was gold or silver. Money was also very valuable and scarce. It wasn't uncommon to see a lot of people begging in these early cities. The work people had to do was grueling, and people lived very short lives. Most people in ancient times lived about 30 to 40 years. Most people never had enough to eat, most people had poor dental health, and even the simplest medical treatments we have today weren't available. As a result, many people died very early, and many children didn't survive past the age of 3. The scientific revolution of the 17th, and 18th century led to the Industrial Revolution of the 19th and early 20th century. At first life was hard, people worked in smoke filled factories for long hours, and the pay was very low as well. Never the less, it laid the groundwork for a world of abundance. Railways connected all corners of the country to the resources from the mines, the forests, and agricultural lands. Enabled people to get food when they needed it. Refrigeration helped people keep food from spoiling. Slavery was abolished, because humans with the help of machines freed humans. A new monetary system based on reserve fractional banking, and later central banking made it possible to make credit available to the masses. It made it possible for industrial output to match mass consumption, so the consumer was born. From the 1920s, automobiles became mainstream, and most people worked in factories. People were able to buy what they were producing, this created prosperity. People could buy stuff on credit. Workers in the late 19th century fought for better wages and working conditions which improved the lives of millions of people. People made good money, they had stable jobs, and they had pensions from the companies they worked for. After World War 2, we had the age of prosperity. From that point on to the early 1980s, you had a single income earner who was able to support an entire family. Most of those jobs were lifetime jobs. People had stability, because workers were needed. The information age and the age of automation made workers less important, because human labor wasn't valued. A robotic arm, conveyor belts, programmable computers, lifts, and other machinery could mitigate the importance of the worker. Less people were required to produce things, and the output of goods were increased. General purpose home computers became cheaper, more powerful, and more available. The development in computer technology and telecommunications went ballistic from the 1980s to the 1990s when the internet came to be. Globalism and further advances in computer technology. Globalism enabled companies to ship labor intensive jobs overseas. At the same time, most of the simpler tasks would be fully automated. As a result, the wage of the average working person remained stagnant or went up very little since the late 1970s. Families needed two incomes to survive. At the same time, technology was advancing at a faster and faster rate. Something as simple as email displaced more than 250,000 postal workers in the past decade. A computer algorithm can replace people who trade stocks, it can do it more efficiently. Speech recognition software replaced many lower level customer service agents. Kiosks were used and are used to sell tickets, check in your bags at the airport, etc. Just looming in the horizon are self driving cars, and artificial intelligence. The progression of technology and progress has freed mankind from the drudgery of work. It will eventually have to lead to a future where people are not required to work with a universal guaranteed income for everyone.