Скачать с ютуб 1919-33: The Weimar Constitution | GCSE History Revision | Weimar & Nazi Germany в хорошем качестве

1919-33: The Weimar Constitution | GCSE History Revision | Weimar & Nazi Germany

It's 1919, a new constitution has just been agreed in Germany by 262 votes to 75. But what is the constitution? How does it work? What are its strengths and weaknesses? #GCSEHistory #GCSERevision #WeimarGermany **---Useful resources---** Quizlet Flashcards: https://quizlet.com/_6x92em Practice exam-style questions: // I'll find some at some point but it's the summer hols rn, so u shouldn't be doing practice questions, plz go outside, see some friends and have some fun LINK FOR OTHER QUESTIONS (INCLUDING SOURCE & INTERPRETATIONS QUESTIONS): https://quizlet.com/_6cqa3d Revision Notes: The Weimar Constitution: - The electorate consisted of all men & women aged over 21 - The electorate voted in the President (every 7 yrs), Reichstag (every 4 yrs) and Reichsrat (every 4 yrs) - The president had no part in day-to-day politics, however had some political powers - The president chose the Chancellor - The Chancellor was head of the Government and chose all government ministers - The Cabinet was made of the most important ministers - they were the most important decision-making body of the government - The Parliament was made up of two houses: the Reichstag and Reichsrat - The Reichstag was the more powerful of the two houses - they were directly elected in by the people - The Reichsrat represented the regions of Germany - each region sent a certain number of representatives, dependant upon its size Parliament: - Made up of 2 houses: Reichstag & Reichsrat - Normally, all laws had to pass through both houses Reichstag: - The more powerful of the 2 houses - Controlled taxation - Directly elected by the people at least once every 4 yrs Reichsrat: - Elected every 4yrs - Represents the regions of Germany Strengths of the constitution: - It was democratic: - Men & women were both allowed to vote and the voting age was reduced from 25 to 21 - The Reichstag was elected using proportional representation - 1 representative for every 60 000 votes - This made it more democratic than both Germany under the Kaiser and Britain at the time - Checks and balances: - It was carefully constructed so no one person or group could have too much power - The chancellor could only pass laws in normal circumstances if the Reichstag & Reichsrat voted for them - The Reichsrat, though the least powerful of the two houses, could still delay any new laws passed by the Reichstag - unless the Reichstag overruled it by a 2/3rds majority - Central Government had more power than it did under the Kaiser - Local government retained some of its power, with each of the 18 regions of Germany keeping some of their own independence Weaknesses of the Constitution: - Coalition Government: - Proportional representation caused many smaller parties to gain seats - There were 29 parties in total during the 1920s in the Reichstag - PR often caused no majority governments, so coalitions had to be formed regularly - Compromise often occurred, creating a lack of clear, strong policies - Coalitions frequently fell apart - There were 9 coalition governments between 1919 and 1923 - Weakness in a crisis: - Coalitions made it hard to give swift, clear decisions in a crisis - Article 48 allowed the chancellor to bypass the Reichstag and pass laws straight through the president in times of crisis - By around 1930, the chancellor was regularly relying on article 48, bypassing the democratic rules of the constitution - This made the constitution seem weak & encouraged people to think a single, all-powerful leader was better than an elected parliament - Based on division and violence: - Even though it gave full power to the electorate, there was a sense that the Weimar Republic was not really the choice of the people - During the German revolution, the government had used force, relying on the army to subdue riots in Berlin - Several parties elected to the Reichstag (e.g. the Nationalists) were opposed to democracy & openly despised the new constitution - The Weimar Republic was created out of violence, without real public enthusiasm - It was considered flawed by moderates and opposed by extremists FOR FULL NOTES FOLLOW LINK: https://quizlet.com/_59lgnv IMAGE ATTRIBUTIONS: Thumbnail - “Das Reichtagsgebäude - The Reichstag building - Berlin” by Jens Cederskjold, licensed under CC BY 3.0 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Author's Page: https://web.archive.org/web/201610142... Alterations have been made to this photo - the colour balance has been adjusted and it has been blurred. **---Social Media---** Twitter:   / alongtimeago_yt   || @alongtimeago_YT   / alonglongtimeago   || @alonglongtimeago   / alongtimeagoyt