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Resolving the Issue of Nginx SSL Termination with Load Balancing

Discover how to troubleshoot and resolve SSL termination issues in Nginx when load balancing. Learn about configuration changes and best practices for seamless communication with backends like Tomcat. --- This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/73148145/ asked by the user '6nagi9' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/383957/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/73150815/ provided by the user '6nagi9' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/383957/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions. Visit these links for original content and any more details, such as alternate solutions, latest updates/developments on topic, comments, revision history etc. For example, the original title of the Question was: Nginx SSL termination with load balancing not working Also, Content (except music) licensed under CC BY-SA https://meta.stackexchange.com/help/l... The original Question post is licensed under the 'CC BY-SA 4.0' ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... ) license, and the original Answer post is licensed under the 'CC BY-SA 4.0' ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... ) license. If anything seems off to you, please feel free to write me at vlogize [AT] gmail [DOT] com. --- Nginx SSL Termination with Load Balancing: Troubleshooting Guide When managing web servers, many developers encounter obstacles with SSL termination while using load balancers like Nginx. A common issue arises when Nginx fails to communicate correctly with the upstream servers, resulting in unexpected redirects, especially when dealing with secured connections. In this guide, we will delve into this problem and provide a clear, structured solution. The Problem: Nginx Configuration Issues You might be experiencing an issue where your Nginx setup is unable to handle SSL termination correctly. This happens when the backend, like Tomcat, is either not set up properly for SSL communication or there are configuration conflicts that impede communication. Below are two configurations that highlight this issue: Configuration Example 1 When the backend Tomcat server runs on port 8080 (non-SSL), the following Nginx configuration does not work as intended: [[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]] In this configuration, users may get redirected to https://backend, as Nginx struggles to find the correct routes. Configuration Example 2 In a different setup, when the backend runs on port 8443 (SSL), the setup seems to work but the goal of SSL termination is not achieved. Here’s the configuration: [[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]] This configuration leads to the same outcome, where Nginx improperly interacts with Tomcat, impacting data transfer security during SSL termination. The Solution: Adjusting the Web.xml of Tomcat The key to solving these issues often lies in the backend configuration rather than the Nginx setup itself. In your case, removing specific security constraints from the web.xml file of the upstream Tomcat resolved the problem. Below is the line of code to be removed: [[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]] Why This Works Transport Guarantees: The CONFIDENTIAL transport guarantee instructs Tomcat to insist on SSL traffic, which can cause conflicts with Nginx if it’s not correctly set up to handle SSL in that specific manner. By simply removing this constraint, it allows Nginx to manage HTTPS requests without being forced to redirect or terminate them redundantly. Flexibility in Communication: By eliminating unnecessary restrictions, both Nginx and Tomcat can interact seamlessly—enabling smooth data flow while allowing SSL termination at the Nginx level. Conclusion Navigating through SSL termination issues with Nginx can seem daunting, but with the right configurations and understanding of how backends like Tomcat work, you can achieve a seamless user experience. If you encounter similar problems, keep in mind to check your backend settings as they often hold the key to unlocking the full potential of your load balancing and security framework. End your struggles with SSL termination once and for all by ensuring your configurations are harmonized between Nginx and your backend servers.