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Welcome to Software Interview Prep! Our channel is dedicated to helping software engineers prepare for coding interviews and land their dream jobs. We provide expert tips and insights on everything from data structures and algorithms to system design and behavioral questions. Whether you're just starting out in your coding career or you're a seasoned pro looking to sharpen your skills, our videos will help you ace your next coding interview. Join our community of aspiring engineers and let's conquer the tech interview together! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Modules are a fundamental aspect of NestJS and are used to organize the application into discrete and loosely coupled functional units. Each module encapsulates a tightly related set of capabilities and is defined by a single responsibility principle, which aligns with clean architecture practices. Basics of Modules in NestJS **Organization**: Modules are the building blocks that NestJS uses to organize code in a scalable and maintainable way. A NestJS app is a collection of modules. **@Module() Decorator**: A module is defined by decorating a class with the `@Module()` decorator. This decorator provides metadata that NestJS uses to organize the application structure. Here's what a basic `CatsModule` might look like: ```typescript import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; import { CatsService } from './cats.service'; import { CatsController } from './cats.controller'; @Module({ controllers: [CatsController], providers: [CatsService], }) export class CatsModule {} ``` Important Properties of a Module **controllers**: An array of controllers that should be instantiated within the module. **providers**: An array of providers that will be instantiated by the Nest injector and can be shared at least within the module. **imports**: An array of modules required by this module. Any provider exported from these modules can be used in this module. **exports**: An array of providers that should be available for use in other modules. Features of Modules **Encapsulation**: Modules encapsulate providers and ensure that a provider’s scope is limited to the module unless explicitly exported. **Shared Modules**: A module can export its providers to be used in other modules. Shared modules, such as a `CommonModule` that might provide logging or utility services, are typical in larger applications. **Global Modules**: By using the `@Global()` decorator, you can make a module global. A global module’s providers are registered once and are available everywhere without the need to import them. Module Resolution NestJS uses the module metadata to resolve module relationships and dependencies. When the application starts, NestJS builds a dependency graph based on the imported and required modules, which ensures that providers are only available within the module they belong to unless exported. Module Re-exports Modules can also re-export modules they import, bundling functionality. This is useful when creating a feature module that depends on providers from another module but also extends it with its own providers. Domain-Driven Design NestJS modules align well with Domain-Driven Design (DDD) principles. You can organize modules by feature or domain, which helps in keeping the application modular and organized as it grows. Dynamic Modules NestJS also supports dynamic modules, which can provide a set of providers dynamically based on the input parameters. This is useful for configuring providers or setting up module-specific configurations. Best Practices **Single Responsibility**: A module should be responsible for a specific feature or closely related set of features. **Encapsulation**: Keep modules self-contained, exporting only the necessary providers. **Declarative Imports**: Be explicit about module dependencies and avoid circular dependencies. **Lazy Loading**: Utilize lazy-loaded modules, especially in larger applications, to split the app into smaller chunks, optimizing startup time and memory usage. Understanding how modules work in NestJS is crucial for creating a well-structured application. They help in managing the complexity by organizing the code into a hierarchy of discrete feature areas, which promotes clean and maintainable code.