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Politics, Policies and Organizational Structure

The political system has affected American bureaucratic activities. Political processes and their impacts on public administrative institutions are complex to describe. Governmental processes and administrative values have helped to shape the conduct of public administration, and the many facets of intergovernmental relationships. At first glance, questions of organizational structure may not appear to carry major political overtones. But formal organizational arrangements may reflect and promote some interests over others because it is the product of decisions reached through the political process by a particular majority coalition. Those who organize or reorganize an agency in a certain way obviously have reasons for doing so, one of which is usually promotion of their own policy interests. Another important dimension of administrative organization is the political setting in which agencies operate. At the same time, structural arrangements can have significant political implications for administrative agencies. Organizational form can signify a number of things. First, a particular organizational structure demonstrates commitment to one set of policy objectives instead of another. Second, a particular structure helps to order priorities by promoting some programs over others. Finally, a particular structure may provide greater access to influence for some interests and less for others. Structure and jurisdiction are indirectly related and any change in structure will inevitably result in some reallocation of program jurisdiction. Organizational structures, jurisdiction, and access in different settings reflect the relative power of competing political forces.