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Stammering or Stuttering: Everything You Need To Know

. Chapters 0:00 Introduction 0:54 Causes of Stammering or Stuttering 1:36 Signs and symptoms 2:53 Diagnosis for Stammering or Stuttering 3:05 Treatment • Stuttering, or stammering, is a speech disorder that is also known as diffluent speech.  • Stuttering specifically includes the following: • An uneven rate of speech • Halted or interrupted speech production, and  • Repeated words, syllables, and sounds • Stuttering is a highly common phenomenon, affecting between 5 to 10% of all children.  • It mostly occurs in children between 2 and 6 years of age.  • While most children will not carry a stutter beyond childhood, 25% of children who don’t lose their stutter will be affected by it as adults.  • Intervening early can help a child stop stammering and nullify all chances of them carrying it into adulthood.  • Let’s take a deeper look into stuttering: Causes • The most common causes of stuttering or stammering include: • Family dynamics • Neurophysiology  • Issues in development during childhood • A family history of stuttering • Furthermore, injuries and trauma can also result in stuttering.  • Sustaining an injury to the brain from a stroke can cause stuttering.  • Similarly, severe emotional trauma can also cause stuttering.  • Stuttering is believed to run in families as the part of the brain that governs speech and language may be abnormally developed across generations.  • Children of parents who have stuttered usually stutter as well.  Signs and Symptoms • Three different types of stuttering can affect a person.  • Developmental stuttering occurs while a child is developing their speech. Their mouth may take time to build up their language abilities.  • The developmental type goes away without treatment.  • Neurogenic stuttering occurs when there are abnormalities between the brain’s signals and the nerves or muscles of the body.  • Psychogenic stuttering originates from the brain, specifically the part that regulates speech and learning.  • The symptoms across all these types are the same, and they include: • Frustration in trying to communicate • Occasional refusal to speak  • Noticeable physical changes in the face, such as facial tics, extensive eye blinking, lip tremors, and increased tension in the upper face area • Pausing or hesitation when starting to speak • Interjections or extra sounds while speaking • A tense voice • Rearranging words while speaking • Stretching out words with longer sounds • Repetition whilst speaking • Often, children are not aware that they are stuttering and may get used to how they speak.  Diagnosis • There is no invasive test to diagnose stuttering.  • The diagnosis can be made by a speech-language pathologist based on the symptoms exhibited by a person.  Treatment • Most stuttering does not require treatment as children grow past the developmental stage and stop stuttering with time.  • Speech therapy is the most common treatment for other kinds of stuttering.  • Speech therapy can help with intonation and can also reduce interruptions while speaking.  • It gives a person the push they need to stop stuttering. It helps increase self-esteem and helps with pronunciation and enunciation.  • Beyond speech therapy, electronic devices such as voice recorders and hearing aids can also help.  • The former helps repeat what has been said and learn where the mistakes lie while hearing aids can help reduce background noise and increase focus.  • Beyond this, no specific medication is known to help with stuttering.