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When Volcanoes Erupt Metallic Lava; A Geologic Oddity

Approximately 2 million years ago, a volcano in a remote and arid part of the world erupted, leaving behind large amounts of metallic cooled lava. This occurred at Chile's El Laco volcano, and the reason this occurred is quite extraordinary. The lava was not primarily composed of silica like 99.9% of the planet's lavas, but rather iron oxide. These iron oxide rich lavas are today worth more than 80 billion U.S. dollars. Thumbnail Photo Credit: U.S. Geological Survey (Data Owner), Peterson, D.W. (Photographer), "Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1972-1974 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Skylight in lava tube feeding Kaena Point flow. 1972.", USGS Denver Library Photographic Collection, Public Domain, https://library.usgs.gov/photo/index..... This image was overlaid with text and then overlaid with GeologyHub made graphics (the image border & the GeologyHub logo). If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links: (Patreon:   / geologyhub  ) (YouTube membership:    / @geologyhub  ) (Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com) (GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com) Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes. Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image): Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... CC BY 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Sources/Citations: [1] Keller, T., Tornos, F., Hanchar, J.M. et al. Genetic model of the El Laco magnetite-apatite deposits by extrusion of iron-rich melt. Nat Commun 13, 6114 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33.... CC BY 4.0. [2] Ovalle, J.T., La Cruz, N.L., Reich, M. et al. Formation of massive iron deposits linked to explosive volcanic eruptions. Sci Rep 8, 14855 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33.... CC BY 4.0. [3] Pietruszka, D.K., Hanchar, J.M., Tornos, F. et al. Magmatic immiscibility and the origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits. Nat Commun 14, 8424 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43.... CC BY 4.0. [4] U.S. Geological Survey [5] USGS Denver Library Photographic Collection 0:00 Iron Lavas 1:20 El Laco Deposit 2:09 Other Iron Deposits 3:01 Ol Doinyo Lengai 3:24 Scientific Model