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Glycolysis! (Mr. W's Music Video)

STUDENTS: Crush AP Bio! Lessons with interaction and feedback that lead to success. Sign up for a free trial at Learn-Biology.com/student-free-trial. TEACHERS: Start with a free-trial account that gives your students access to interactive tutorials and allows you to monitor student work: https://learn-biology.com/ap-bio-teac... PARENTS: A guaranteed 4 or 5 for your son or daughter on the AP Bio Exam: https://learn-biology.com/parents/ SUMMARY: Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration. This rap lecture teaches all you need to know about glycolysis at the AP Biology or Freshman Biology level. LYRICS Glycolysis is a series of reactions, Enzymatic actions, energy transactions, Takes glucose, a molecule so sugary, Breaks it down for NADH and ATP It's an anaerobic cytoplasmic pathway that amazes Organized easily into three phases, Investment, cleavage, and energy harvest, Tell me later which one you like best. Investment: activation energy's supplied, Cleavage: our six carbon sugar divides Harvest: we get our energy yield, So beautiful, so intricate keep your eyes peeled CHORUS Glycolysis! Come on sugar, come on sugar, for the breakdown. For the breakdown. Investment's like striking a match, That energy you put in makes the fire catch For glycolysis investments two ATPs, Which act as activation energy Enzymes take phosphate from ATPs Jam 'em on a glucose rearranging it to fructose, Leaving Fructose 1- 6 bisphosphate on the table, With two phosphates, it's highly unstable! Moving us to the second phase The cleaving of Fructose bisphosphate Cause glycolysis means splitting sugar, you can see cleavage yields two molecules with carbons three One is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate G3P It continues on our pathway broken down for energy But the second one an enzyme will immediately, Convert into a second G3P CHORUS Phase 3: G3P gets rearranged and oxidized, By an enzymatic assembly line, That harvest energy from each G3P One NADH and 2 ATPs Double this yield per G3P To two NADH and 4 ATPs That's the gross yield for every glucose in A generous accounting of glycolysis's win But 2ATPs were invested in phase 1 So you net just two you can use to jump or run, Put two in, get four out, your net gain is two, Two ATPs that you can use. If that doesn't seem like very much, it's cause it ain't, There's tons of energy left in pyruvate, The two three carbon molecules we're left with at the end. And what happens to pyruvate is gonna depend, On the metabolic pathway where pyruvate gets sent, If its anaerobic it'll be fermented But in aerobic cells pyruvate's termination Will be the Krebs cycle and total oxidation! CHORUS Review: glycolysis starts with investment of two ATPs to the glucose that we started with, The product is cleaved into two G3Ps From which the cell harvests NADH and ATPs. This anaerobic pathway is respiration's first phase, It's billions of year's old evolved in ancient days before O2 accumulated in the seas, before eukaryotic cells like ours arrived on the scene It's everywhere, ubiquitous, in every organism, Bacteria, sequoia tree, no matter your metabolism, Happens in the cytoplasm doesn't need no organelles. You wanna find glycolysis? Look in any cell!