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Immunology and Cancer 3: Immune Checkpoints: Biology and Therapeutic Strategies (from PDB-101)

This three-part series explores the human immune response to cancer focusing on cellular and molecular details of the process. Part 1 showcases the process of antigen harvesting by dendritic cells and later the T-cell maturation process. Part 2 focuses on T-cell activation and demonstrates the mechanisms by which the immune system destroys the cancer cells. Part 3 focuses on the immune checkpoints - a mechanism by which the immune system terminates the immune response and later describes the immune checkpoint therapies used in cancer treatment. Video Guide 0:05 Introduction to immune checkpoints 0:17 Secondary signal inhibition at the dendritic cell/T-cell synapse 0:58 Primary signal inhibition in Killer T-cells by PD-1/PDL-1 interaction 1:50 Tumor formation and metastasis 2:03 Introduction to immune checkpoints therapies and monoclonal antibodies 2:21 Restoration of the secondary signal at the dendritic cell/T-cell synapse by monoclonal antibodies 2:34 Restoration of Killer T-cell action by monoclonal antibodies 2:45 Monoclonal antibody cocktails Video Credits Story by Ethan Cartagena (Spring 2022 RCSB PDB Intern) Story Support Steven C. Almo (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Stephen K. Burley (RCSB PDB), Paul Craig (RIT), David Goodsell (RCSB PDB), and Maria Voigt (RCSB PDB) Animation and Video Editing Maria Voigt (RCSB PDB) Narration Emma Chavez (Summer 2022 RCSB PDB Intern) Sounds Pixabay.com Learn more about the molecular biology of Cancer on PDB-101: https://pdb101.rcsb.org/browse/cancer This video features experimental structures from the Protein Data Bank along with Computed Structure Models from the AlphaFold DB. Visit rcsb.org to explore these structures in 3D. MHC class I: 1HSA, AF_AFP01889F1 T-cell Receptor: 1TCR, 2HAC CD8 Co-receptor: 1AKJ, AF_AFP01732F1 B7/CTLA-4 Complex: 1I8L, 1I85 B7: AF_AFP42081F1 CTLA-4: AF_AFP16410F1 Monoclonal Antibody/MHC class I Antigen Complex: 3UO1 PD-1 in Complex with Monoclonal Antibody: 5GGS PD1: AF_AFQ15116F1 PD-1/PD-L1 Complex: 3BIK PD-L1: AF_AFQ9NZQ7F1 Immunoglobulin: 1IGT