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Thorax - Other Arteries

Thorax (Latin for “chest”) houses some very important structures of the body: the heart and the lungs. sqadia.com anatomy lectures cover the Thorax anatomy in detail. Watch on and enjoy learning! Allowing us to live, especially by assisting in breathing and circulation of blood by the heart. Thorax is classified as the upper part of the trunk of the body. It is present between the head and the neck, excluding the upper limbs. The diaphragm is raised with convexity in the thoracic cavity. We mainly divide the thorax anatomy into the following parts: 🔹 Thoracic cavity 🔹 Thoracic wall 🔹 Thoracic contents (organs) 🔹 Neurovasculature You may watch the anatomy lecture on Surface Anatomy of Thorax, for a detailed look at the surface and bony landmarks of the thorax. ▬ Shape of Thorax ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ The thorax is shaped like a truncated cone i.e. narrow superiorly and widening inferiorly. It consists of a cage that houses the thoracic viscera in its cavity, especially the heart and lungs. ▬ Thoracic Skeleton ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 🟡 Anteriorly, we have the sternum with manubrium, body, and xiphoid process 🟡 Posteriorly, we have discussed the 12 thoracic vertebrae with demi-facets and transverse processes on both sides. Having intervertebral discs between each thoracic vertebra. 🟡 On each side, we have 12 bony ribs that curve around anterolaterally and then anteromedially towards the costal cartilages to complete the rib towards the sternum ▬ Thorax Joints ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Several joints are present in the thorax. We will name and locate them one by one. The joints forming with the sternum (sternal joints) are the 14 sternocostal joints, 24 costochondral joints, sternoclavicular joints, one manubriosternal joint, and xiphisternal joint. Intervertebral joints of T1-T12 vertebrae, costovertebral joints, joints of the head of rib (40-42 joints in total), costotransverse joints (20 joints in total), and 6 interchondral joints. ▬ Thorax Joint Movements ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Movements of the thorax are permitted at the costovertebral, costotransverse, manubriosternal, and chondrosternal joints while inhaling and exhaling. Ribs movements are like movements of a bucket handle and sternum movements are like that of a lever. Watch the video to properly learn, how they relate. ▬ Thoracic Subdivisions ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ The thorax contains a superior aperture and inferior aperture, that allows the passage of blood and nerve supply. The superior thorax is also known as the thoracic inlet. The mediastinum is a division of the thoracic cavity, traditionally divided into the anterior, middle, posterior, and superior regions. Let's see how it houses the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus and trachea, and other structures. ▬ Thorax Arterial Supply ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ The thorax is mainly supplied by thoracic arteries that branch off from the aorta. The three largest ones are the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. All the organs present in the thoracic cavity also receive blood supply via multiple arteries. We go into details of each, in this lecture. ▬ Thorax Venous Supply ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ The deoxygenated blood from the veins of the thoracic cavity drains into the vena cava, and back to the heart. These veins are azygous, hemizygous veins, intercostal veins, and several others. Watch the lecture to learn the name of each. ▬ Thorax Nerve Supply ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ We will be focusing on the main thoracic nerves namely the phrenic nerve, the vagus nerve, the sympathetic trunk, and the intercostal nerves. This video gives an overview of Thorax's Anatomy. Keep a lookout for more detailed lectures on each part to master Thorax Anatomy.