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Male infertility causes, types symptoms and treatment

Male Infertility Definition: Male infertility refers to a man's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female after at least one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Causes of Male Infertility: 1. Medical Causes: Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum that affect sperm production. Infections: Such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mumps orchitis, or urinary tract infections. Ejaculation Problems: Retrograde ejaculation (semen enters the bladder instead of exiting). Hormonal Imbalances: Low testosterone or issues with the pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal glands. Antibodies that Attack Sperm: Immune system mistakenly targets sperm. Tumors: Cancers or noncancerous growths can affect reproductive organs. Undescended Testicles: Testicles that never moved into the scrotum during fetal development. Genetic Defects: Such as Klinefelter syndrome (extra X chromosome). Celiac Disease: Gluten intolerance can also affect fertility. Certain Medications: Chemotherapy, anabolic steroids, and others. 2. Environmental Causes: Exposure to Chemicals: Pesticides, heavy metals, radiation. Overheating the Testicles: Frequent use of saunas or hot tubs. Industrial Exposure: Like to solvents or other toxic substances. 3. Lifestyle Causes: Drug Use: Anabolic steroids, cocaine, marijuana. Alcohol Use: Affects hormone levels. Smoking: Reduces sperm count and quality. Obesity: Hormonal changes and lower sperm quality. Stress: Can interfere with hormones needed for sperm production. Types of Male Infertility: Pre-testicular: Issues with hormonal regulation or systemic diseases. Testicular: Problems directly affecting the testicles (injury, infection, genetic). Post-testicular: Problems in sperm transport through ducts. Unknown (Idiopathic): No identifiable cause even after testing. Symptoms of Male Infertility: Primary symptom: Inability to conceive a child. Other signs (if any): Problems with sexual function (low libido, difficulty with ejaculation) Pain, swelling, or lump in the testicle area Decreased facial or body hair (hormonal imbalance) Small, firm testicles Diagnosis: Semen analysis: Measures quantity and quality of sperm. Blood tests: Check hormone levels (testosterone, FSH, LH). Scrotal ultrasound: Look for varicocele or other issues. Genetic testing: Check for inherited conditions. Testicular biopsy: Rare, to examine sperm production directly. Specialized sperm function tests: To check how well sperm survive and penetrate eggs. Treatment Options: 1. Medical Treatment: Medications: Hormone therapy, antibiotics for infections. Surgical Treatments: Varicocelectomy (repair of varicocele) Sperm retrieval techniques if there is no sperm in ejaculate. Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART): Intrauterine insemination (IUI): Sperm placed directly into a woman’s uterus. In vitro fertilization (IVF): Fertilization outside the body, then implantation. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): A single sperm injected into an egg. Lifestyle Changes: Stop smoking, drinking, drug use. Manage stress. Maintain a healthy weight. #healthawareness #medicalawareness #rarediseases #healthtips #brainhealth #geneticdisorder