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2022 Consciousness talks 5: Sleep and Consciousness

Consciousness talks 5: Sleep and Consciousness Time: 13:00(JST), 14:00 (AEST) Speaker 1: Jennifer Windt, Monash University, Australia Title: Do we know what sleep is? Recent challenges for the definition of sleep and sleep stages Abstract: Recent findings are challenging the idea that sleep is a global, whole-brain phenomenon that can be cleanly distinguished from waking. In my talk I will assess three main challenges: One, recent research is increasingly moving beyond the long-accepted association of dreaming and REM sleep. To determine the neural correlates of dreaming, looking at changes within the same sleep stage, and in particular within NREM sleep, appears more promising. Two, findings on local sleep suggest that changes in sleep-related activity (such as slow wave activity) can happen locally and at a short time scale and can even occur in wakefulness. Their relevance for changes in dream experience are insufficiently understood. Three, there is diversity in conscious experience (both in the type of conscious experience and in conscious vs unconscious states) within sleep and individual sleep stages as well as similarity in conscious experiences across sleep and wakefulness; in particular, certain forms of mind wandering are highly similar in qualitative features and content to certain sleep experiences. Taken together, this suggests that a new approach to consciousness and its relation to sleep is needed, refining a taxonomy of mental states in tandem with the definition of sleep and sleep stage scoring. Bio: Jennifer Windt is a senior research fellow at the Department of Philosophy and Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies at Monash University. Through her research, funded by the Australian Research Council, she seeks to understand what our minds do when left to their own devices, for example when we fall asleep and dream, or when our thoughts and attention wander away from ongoing tasks and activities in the here and now. Jennifer is the author of Dreaming (MIT, 2015), which received the 2018 William James Prize awarded by the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness. She is co-founder and editor-in-chief of the open access journal Philosophy and the Mind Sciences, which is entirely free of cost for authors and readers. Speaker 2: Masako Tamaki, RIKEN, Japan Title: Why we sleep poorly in a new place Abstract: We experience poor sleep in a new environment; it takes longer time to fall asleep and we are woken frequently from sleep. This temporary sleep disturbance, known as the first-night effect (FNE) in human sleep research, has been regarded as a sleep disturbance due to temporary inhabitation to an unfamiliar environment. However, the FNE is so robust that even younger and healthy participants show poor sleep on the first night, suggesting that the FNE involves an ecological benefit. In this talk, I will introduce our research which showed that the human brain involves a regional interhemispheric NREM sleep under the FNE as a night watch and suggest that it may be advantageous for humans to keep some degree of alertness to detect unfamiliar surroundings in a new environment. Bio: RIKEN Hakubi Team leader at Cluster for Pioneering Research and Center for Brain Science at RIKEN, Saitama, Japan. She aims to elucidate the roles of sleep in various cognitive functions, including learning, in humans using neuroimaging techniques.