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How to measure Electric potential #4

Electric potential is the potential energy measured per unit charge. In this lesson we will measure electric potential around various surfaces. If we can establish electrical potential at a point, we will also be able to find potential difference between two points. How to find electric potential (summary) 1. There are 2 ways of calculating electrical potential - (a) If we know the charge distribution or (b) If we know the electric field at various points 2. Draw a diagram that shows position of various charges 3. Show the position of point where you wish to find the electric potential. 4. If you are given a collection of point charges use equation that sums up electrical potential due to each point 5. If the problem has a continuous charge distribution, divide it into small elements and use integral calculus 6. If the problem has the electric field E given, it may be a lot simpler to find the potential difference between 2 points. You can use the idea of potential difference between points as equal to the work done in moving a unit charge from point a to b Transcript To find electric potential around a sphere that has a charge q put on the surface- We have already established E in and outside a charged sphere and we will make use of this to establish the potential at various points as well. So when measuring potential outside the sphere, we can assume the sphere to be like a point charge with charge q and we can directly use the formula for potential due to charge q and we see that the electrical potential will be zero when r is at infinity and increase as r reduces Inside the sphere, E is zero, which means that the electric force is zero. What you will find is that no work needs to be done in moving it to any point inside since there is no electric force inside. Since the definition of potential difference states that the potential difference between 2 points is the work done by an electric force in moving a unit charge from one point to another, the potential difference between any 2 points becomes zero. This means that if work done is zero, all points must be at the same potential. Equipotential surfaces What are equipotential surfaces. These are surfaces that have equal or same electrical potential. If you take two points on an equipotential surface and move a unit charge from point a to b, no work is done since electrical potential at a is equal to potential at b. Electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surface Take two surfaces each having a certain electric potential. Work done in moving a charge from one to another surface is always the same. This is because the electrical potential difference is the same ABOUT THE SCIENCE CUBE The Science Cube is a channel dedicated to making concepts in physics easier for any student, be it one preparing for IIT JEE or NEET or an AP physics student. #electricpotential #electric_potential_difference #electrostatics #electrostatic_potential #jeelivesprint #IITJEEpreparations #jeestrategies #JEEMain2021 #jeemains2021 #Dailyliveclass #dailylivejeeclass #equipotential_surfaces