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4 Supernatural Elements -I

Supernatural Elements-I, II Introduction The Oxford Dictionary defines supernatural thus: “includes all those phenomena, which cannot be explained by the accepted laws of natural science or by physical laws.” It was just a belief of all ages and so it was a belief of people who lived in Elizabethan era. They believed that deaths and unpleasant illness were the works of witches. Shakespeare was much influenced by witchcraft and supernatural believes of his period. Raginald Scott’s, Discovery of Witchcraft, King James’ Demonology , Middleton’s The Witch were the important works published in the Elizabethan Age which discussed the presence of witches and witchcrafts. Hence, we can see the influence of witchcraft and the supernatural in Shakespeare’s well-known plays such as Macbeth, Hamlet, The Tempest and Julius Caesar. Ghosts, witches, floating daggers and prophetic apparitions were used by Shakespeare throughout his plays. Double, double, toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble' The 16th C people believed that the above is the song of the witches. They referred it as 'song of the witches'. They believed that the witches gathered around to throw foul and evil objects into cauldron /ˈkɔːldrən/ noun a large deep pot for boiling liquids or cooking food over a fire. . Macbeth In Macbeth Shakespeare has used similar scene when the play opens to bring create magic and suspense in the play. In Macbeth we see two types of supernatural elements a. Witches, b. Ghost of Banquo. Macbeth receives a prophecy NOUN /ˈprɒfəsi/ a prediction of what will happen in the future. from the three witches. They greet Macbeth as Thane of Glamis, Thane Cawdor and the king respectively. They greet Macbeth that he will one day become King of Scotland. Thus, the witches play an important role to introduce thrill in the play. The Ghost, as a supernatural form appears in Hamlet. Shakespeare uses it to create a tragic atmosphere, to motivate the action and to create a moral effect in the play. The ghost in Hamlet appears in the opening scene. It is viewed by Marcellus and Bernado. They inform it to Horatio, friend of Hamlet. Horatio informs his experience to Hamlet. Hamlet, believes in some calamity or evil about to befall. My father’s spirit in arms! All is not well I doubt some foul play The first appearance creates an atmosphere of tension, fear and wonder. The second appearance of the ghost is seen when Hamlet is talking to his mother. But this time the Ghost is visible only to Hamlet. The queen does not see it and finding Hamlet speaking to vacancy, thinks that Hamlet is mad. The main purpose of Shakespeare bringing the ghost into the play is to inform the theme to the audience. The theme of the play is revenge. The appearance of ghost provides motive /ˈməʊtɪv/ noun a reason for doing something. for the revenge. (adjective- producing physical or mechanical motion, Motif-a short musical phrase) Origin Hamlet The Ghost informs Hamlet that Claudius had murdered his father by pouring poison into his ear and then usurped the kingdom and seduced his mother. It further imposes upon Hamlet the duty of avenging his father’s death and advises him, Let not the royal bed of Denmark be A couch for luxury and damned /damd/ adjective (in Christian belief) condemned by God to suffer eternal punishment in hell. "damned sinners" incest. /ˈɪnsɛst/ noun sexual relations between people classed as being too closely related The prophetic greetings moved Macbeth to action; the initial revelation of the Ghost pushed Hamlet to revenge.