Скачать с ютуб Stomach Ulcer Animation - Peptic Ulcer Disease Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - Gastric Anatomy в хорошем качестве

Stomach Ulcer Animation - Peptic Ulcer Disease Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - Gastric Anatomy

The stomach is the organ of the digestive system in which food travels from the esophagus and is further broken down before its nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. It produces acid and various enzymes that break down food into simple substances. The inside wall of the stomach is protected from the acid and enzymes by a mucous lining. Ulcers are caused when there is an imbalance between the digestive juices produced by the stomach and the various factors that protect the lining of the stomach. Symptoms of ulcers may include bleeding. On rare occasions, an ulcer may completely erode the stomach wall. A major cause of stomach ulcers is the bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. Treatment regimens for ulcers caused this bacterium usually include medications to suppress the stomach acid as well as antibiotics to eradicate the infection. -------------------------------------- Peptic ulcer A peptic ulcer is a distinct breach in the mucosal lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer),[1] a result of caustic effects of acid and pepsin in the lumen. Histologically, peptic ulcer is identified as necrosis of the mucosa which produces lesions equal to or greater than 0.5 cm (1/5"). It is the most common ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcer. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs.[2] Four times as many peptic ulcers arise in the duodenum—the first part of the small intestine, just beyond the stomach—as in the stomach itself. About 4% of gastric ulcers are caused by a malignant tumor, so multiple biopsies are needed to exclude cancer. Duodenal ulcers are generally benign. The appearance of an ulcer can be either the classic erosive, concave, crater-like ulcer (the image held by most patients) or convex, perhaps resembling a colonic polyp. As a generalization, the erosive concave type tend to be located in the stomach proper while the convex type tend to be found in the pylorus/duodenum. These convex growths have an extensive variety of shapes and forms, but in all forms the ulcer projects above the level of the surrounding tissue. For extended periods these growths characteristically lack any surface breaks in the mucosic tissue and also initially lack any visual differentiation from the surrounding tissue even in larger sizes. The surface integrity for this type ulcer enables growth over extended periods without the pain associated with crater ulcers. This site reference,[3] contains a series of convex ulcer photos. The images display a range from normal appearing growths to quite abnormal appearances. But notably, until the advanced growth stages non-crater, convex ulcers lack any surface cratering or breaks in the mucosa. While these convex growths resemble a tumour to some extent, they are actually abnormal growths of the gastric tissue, and involve the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers, not a pathogenic organism. However, these growths, like crater style ulcers, may metamorph into pathogenic growths.