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Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone ; Definition, Location in Brain, Components, Functions

The Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) is an area located in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. It plays a crucial role in detecting and responding to emetic (vomiting-inducing) substances in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid2. Here are some key points: Location and Function Location: The CTZ is situated within the area postrema, a specialized region of the medulla oblongata. This area is outside the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to detect substances in the bloodstream1. Function: The CTZ monitors the blood for toxins, drugs, and other emetogenic substances. When it detects these substances, it sends signals to the vomiting center in the brainstem, which then coordinates the physical act of vomiting. Neurotransmitters Involved Serotonin (5-HT): Plays a key role in initiating nausea and vomiting. Dopamine: Acts as both an inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter in the CTZ. Substance P: A neuropeptide involved in transmitting emetic signals. Histamine, Acetylcholine, and GABA: Also play roles in CTZ neurotransmission and the regulation of nausea and vomiting. Evolutionary Significance The CTZ is part of the phylogenetically oldest part of the central nervous system, responsible for basic survival instincts and reactions. The emetic response serves as a protective mechanism to expel harmful substances from the body #ChemoreceptorTriggerZone