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What is 5G Technology and How it Works

What is 5G technology and how it works? In telecommunications, 5G is the fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks. 5G is the planned successor to the 4G networks which provide connectivity to most current cellphones. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices. The main advantage of 5G networks is that 5G will have greater bandwidth, giving higher download speeds, 5G is designed to deliver peak data rates up to 20 Gbps. 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users. Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries. 5G will not only deliver faster, better mobile broadband services compared to 4G LTE, but it will also expand into new service areas, such as mission-critical communications and connecting the massive Internet of things IoT. So, How 5g Technology works? And what are the 3 frequencies it uses? 5G uses higher-frequency radio waves than current cellular networks. However, higher-frequency radio waves have a shorter range than the frequencies used by previous cell phone towers, requiring smaller cells. So to ensure wide service, 5G networks operate on up to three frequency bands, low-band, mid-band, and high-band, all of which perform very differently from each other. A 5G network will be composed of networks of up to 3 different types of cell, each requiring different antennas, each type giving a different tradeoff of download speed vs distance and service area. 5G cellphones and wireless devices will connect to the network through the highest speed antenna within range at their location. Low-band 5G uses a similar frequency range as current 4G cellphones, 600 to 700 MHz giving download speeds a little higher than 4G: 30 to 250 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Low-band cell towers will have a similar range and coverage area to current 4G towers. Mid-band 5G uses microwaves of 2.5 to 3.7 GHz, currently allowing speeds of 100-900 Mbit/s, with each cell tower providing service up to several miles radius. High-band 5G currently uses frequencies of 25 to 39 GHz, near the bottom of the millimeter-wave band, although higher frequencies may be used in the future. It often achieves download speeds of a gigabit per second (Gbit/s), comparable to cable internet. However, millimeter waves only have a limited range, requiring many small cells. They have trouble passing through many types of walls and windows. Due to their higher costs, current plans are to deploy these cells only in dense urban environments, and areas where crowds of people congregate such as sports stadiums and convention centers. The higher the frequency, the greater the ability to support high data-transfer speeds. Another new technology of 5g is Beamforming. As the name suggests, it is used to direct radio waves to a target. This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. This improves signal quality and data transfer speeds. 5G uses beamforming due to the improved signal quality it provides. Beamforming can be accomplished using phased array antennas. you will need to get a new smartphone that supports 5G if you want to be able to use the network. There are several new mobile phones available that are designed to support 5G, and multiple carriers across the world support the 5G wireless network. As the 5G rollout timeline progresses, more smartphones and carrier subscriptions will become available, as 5G technology and 5G compatible devices becoming more mainstream. Credits: Free Stock Footage by Videezy